Indians predated Newton 'discovery' by 250 years
Indians predated Newton 'discovery' by 250 years
Well there you go.
http://physorg.com/news106238636.html
Indians predated Newton 'discovery' by 250 years
A little known school of scholars in southwest India discovered one of the founding principles of modern mathematics hundreds of years before Newton according to new research.
Dr George Gheverghese Joseph from The University of Manchester says the 'Kerala School' identified the 'infinite series'- one of the basic components of calculus - in about 1350.
The discovery is currently - and wrongly - attributed in books to Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibnitz at the end of the seventeenth centuries.
The team from the Universities of Manchester and Exeter reveal the Kerala School also discovered what amounted to the Pi series and used it to calculate Pi correct to 9, 10 and later 17 decimal places.
And there is strong circumstantial evidence that the Indians passed on their discoveries to mathematically knowledgeable Jesuit missionaries who visited India during the fifteenth century.
That knowledge, they argue, may have eventually been passed on to Newton himself.
Dr Joseph made the revelations while trawling through obscure Indian papers for a yet to be published third edition of his best selling book 'The Crest of the Peacock: the Non-European Roots of Mathematics' by Princeton University Press.
He said: "The beginnings of modern maths is usually seen as a European achievement but the discoveries in medieval India between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries have been ignored or forgotten.
"The brilliance of Newton's work at the end of the seventeenth century stands undiminishedespecially when it came to the algorithms of calculus.
"But other names from the Kerala School, notably Madhava and Nilakantha, should stand shoulder to shoulder with him as they discovered the other great component of calculus- infinite series.
"There were many reasons why the contribution of the Kerala school has not been acknowledged - a prime reason is neglect of scientific ideas emanating from the Non-European world - a legacy of European colonialism and beyond.
"But there is also little knowledge of the medieval form of the local language of Kerala, Malayalam, in which some of most seminal texts, such as the Yuktibhasa, from much of the documentation of this remarkable mathematics is written."
He added: "For some unfathomable reasons, the standard of evidence required to claim transmission of knowledge from East to West is greater than the standard of evidence required to knowledge from West to East.
"Certainly it's hard to imagine that the West would abandon a 500-year-old tradition of importing knowledge and books from India and the Islamic world.
"But we've found evidence which goes far beyond that: for example, there was plenty of opportunity to collect the information as European Jesuits were present in the area at that time.
"They were learned with a strong background in maths and were well versed in the local languages.
"And there was strong motivation: Pope Gregory XIII set up a committee to look into modernising the Julian calendar.
"On the committee was the German Jesuit astronomer/mathematician Clavius who repeatedly requested information on how people constructed calendars in other parts of the world. The Kerala School was undoubtedly a leading light in this area.
"Similarly there was a rising need for better navigational methods including keeping accurate time on voyages of exploration and large prizes were offered to mathematicians who specialised in astronomy.
"Again, there were many such requests for information across the world from leading Jesuit researchers in Europe. Kerala mathematicians were hugely skilled in this area."
This is why the internet has such a bad reputation among scholars.
Indians also claim, that the Egyptian pyramids were designed by Indians, white man originated in India, Taj Mahal was originally a Hindu site and so on...
Though at least this Newton claim is coming from Indian Christians. SO rather then Hindu nationalism, Indian nationalism might be in play. India has had some notable scientists and philosophers, like AryaBhata, But its a habit for them to claim that everything originated in India. Though when faced with facts, most Indian nationalists can not even explain what India was before the British colonial rule united the territories.
Indians also claim, that the Egyptian pyramids were designed by Indians, white man originated in India, Taj Mahal was originally a Hindu site and so on...
Though at least this Newton claim is coming from Indian Christians. SO rather then Hindu nationalism, Indian nationalism might be in play. India has had some notable scientists and philosophers, like AryaBhata, But its a habit for them to claim that everything originated in India. Though when faced with facts, most Indian nationalists can not even explain what India was before the British colonial rule united the territories. the egpytion pyramids were made with the help of aliens.
Even if the OP's posting is true, it has always been said that "Newton stood on the shoulders of giants" to create calculus - e.g. he mostly borrowed ideas from other mathematicians and philosophers and advanced them to a critical level to become practical and meaningful. This changes nothing.
newton was a little bitch, the way he used his power to set the royal society against people who came up with the same ideas as him at the same time as him is just ****ing wrong
Even if the OP's posting is true, it has always been said that "Newton stood on the shoulders of giants" to create calculus - e.g. he mostly borrowed ideas from other mathematicians and philosophers and advanced them to a critical level to become practical and meaningful. This changes nothing. Why does it seem like people are getting defensive about this? We found out that someone else knew about it before Newton. He was still brilliant, and apparently so were the Indians.
Why does it seem like people are getting defensive about this? We found out that someone else knew about it before Newton. He was still brilliant, and apparently so were the Indians. There have been many similar threads about discoveries made in the Middle East around 1000 years ago. In them, the OP implies that they negate similar discoveries later made in Europe. This thread seemed to fit that model. Sorry to have barked up the wrong tree.
There have been many similar threads about discoveries made in the Middle East around 1000 years ago. In them, the OP implies that they negate similar discoveries later made in Europe. This thread seemed to fit that model. Sorry to have barked up the wrong tree. I just posted the article. I assume everyone would have read it and saw it for what it was. A news article that raises something that will be investigated more fully.
It's of major importance. But only if it is confirmed by mainstream science.
oh great, and I was just about to go to bed....
how can i sleep now?!?!?!?
Hm, somehow I always hear that Indians created/invented/thought of everything in this world. If Bill Gates came up with Microsoft, then Indians came up with the idea of it 150 years earlier only they did not... well, put it into action that Bill did. BUT.... there is a website that says Indians came up with Microsoft and Bill Gates simply didn't give enough credit.
Same deal with Marconi and Tesla.
oh great, and I was just about to go to bed....
how can i sleep now?!?!?!? I don't know, but whatever you do that helps -- the Indians invented it first.
If Isaac Newton was so famous, why did they name a cookie after his brother, Fig?
Indians also claim, that the Egyptian pyramids were designed by Indians, white man originated in India, Taj Mahal was originally a Hindu site and so on...
Though at least this Newton claim is coming from Indian Christians. SO rather then Hindu nationalism, Indian nationalism might be in play. India has had some notable scientists and philosophers, like AryaBhata, But its a habit for them to claim that everything originated in India. Though when faced with facts, most Indian nationalists can not even explain what India was before the British colonial rule united the territories.
LMFAO @ ALL THAT CRAP
the title of this post is very misleading. it's hard to explain this, but people in the ancient world, especially in china, used mathematical methods to solve problems that are commonly solved using calculus today, but they weren't the same thing, and are not considered as significant as calculus. but it's hard for me to explain why that is.
I thought Archimedes discovered Calculus or a portion of it over 2000 years ago.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes
I thought Archimedes discovered Calculus or a portion of it over 2000 years ago.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes yes, many people contributed to calculus. u could say anyone that contributed to math in general contributed to calculus. most of math and science is built from previous discoveries and breakthrews.
If Isaac Newton was so famous, why did they name a cookie after his brother, Fig? lol
Well there you go.
http://physorg.com/news106238636.html
Indians predated Newton 'discovery' by 250 years
A little known school of scholars in southwest India discovered one of the founding principles of modern mathematics hundreds of years before Newton according to new research.
Dr George Gheverghese Joseph from The University of Manchester says the 'Kerala School' identified the 'infinite series'- one of the basic components of calculus - in about 1350.
The discovery is currently - and wrongly - attributed in books to Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibnitz at the end of the seventeenth centuries.
The team from the Universities of Manchester and Exeter reveal the Kerala School also discovered what amounted to the Pi series and used it to calculate Pi correct to 9, 10 and later 17 decimal places.
And there is strong circumstantial evidence that the Indians passed on their discoveries to mathematically knowledgeable Jesuit missionaries who visited India during the fifteenth century.
That knowledge, they argue, may have eventually been passed on to Newton himself.
Dr Joseph made the revelations while trawling through obscure Indian papers for a yet to be published third edition of his best selling book 'The Crest of the Peacock: the Non-European Roots of Mathematics' by Princeton University Press.
He said: "The beginnings of modern maths is usually seen as a European achievement but the discoveries in medieval India between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries have been ignored or forgotten.
"The brilliance of Newton's work at the end of the seventeenth century stands undiminishedespecially when it came to the algorithms of calculus.
"But other names from the Kerala School, notably Madhava and Nilakantha, should stand shoulder to shoulder with him as they discovered the other great component of calculus- infinite series.
"There were many reasons why the contribution of the Kerala school has not been acknowledged - a prime reason is neglect of scientific ideas emanating from the Non-European world - a legacy of European colonialism and beyond.
"But there is also little knowledge of the medieval form of the local language of Kerala, Malayalam, in which some of most seminal texts, such as the Yuktibhasa, from much of the documentation of this remarkable mathematics is written."
He added: "For some unfathomable reasons, the standard of evidence required to claim transmission of knowledge from East to West is greater than the standard of evidence required to knowledge from West to East.
"Certainly it's hard to imagine that the West would abandon a 500-year-old tradition of importing knowledge and books from India and the Islamic world.
"But we've found evidence which goes far beyond that: for example, there was plenty of opportunity to collect the information as European Jesuits were present in the area at that time.
"They were learned with a strong background in maths and were well versed in the local languages.
"And there was strong motivation: Pope Gregory XIII set up a committee to look into modernising the Julian calendar.
"On the committee was the German Jesuit astronomer/mathematician Clavius who repeatedly requested information on how people constructed calendars in other parts of the world. The Kerala School was undoubtedly a leading light in this area.
"Similarly there was a rising need for better navigational methods including keeping accurate time on voyages of exploration and large prizes were offered to mathematicians who specialised in astronomy.
"Again, there were many such requests for information across the world from leading Jesuit researchers in Europe. Kerala mathematicians were hugely skilled in this area."
Answer:
This is why the internet has such a bad reputation among scholars.
Answer:
Indians also claim, that the Egyptian pyramids were designed by Indians, white man originated in India, Taj Mahal was originally a Hindu site and so on...
Though at least this Newton claim is coming from Indian Christians. SO rather then Hindu nationalism, Indian nationalism might be in play. India has had some notable scientists and philosophers, like AryaBhata, But its a habit for them to claim that everything originated in India. Though when faced with facts, most Indian nationalists can not even explain what India was before the British colonial rule united the territories.
Answer:
Indians also claim, that the Egyptian pyramids were designed by Indians, white man originated in India, Taj Mahal was originally a Hindu site and so on...
Though at least this Newton claim is coming from Indian Christians. SO rather then Hindu nationalism, Indian nationalism might be in play. India has had some notable scientists and philosophers, like AryaBhata, But its a habit for them to claim that everything originated in India. Though when faced with facts, most Indian nationalists can not even explain what India was before the British colonial rule united the territories. the egpytion pyramids were made with the help of aliens.
Answer:
Even if the OP's posting is true, it has always been said that "Newton stood on the shoulders of giants" to create calculus - e.g. he mostly borrowed ideas from other mathematicians and philosophers and advanced them to a critical level to become practical and meaningful. This changes nothing.
Answer:
newton was a little bitch, the way he used his power to set the royal society against people who came up with the same ideas as him at the same time as him is just ****ing wrong
Answer:
Even if the OP's posting is true, it has always been said that "Newton stood on the shoulders of giants" to create calculus - e.g. he mostly borrowed ideas from other mathematicians and philosophers and advanced them to a critical level to become practical and meaningful. This changes nothing. Why does it seem like people are getting defensive about this? We found out that someone else knew about it before Newton. He was still brilliant, and apparently so were the Indians.
Answer:
Why does it seem like people are getting defensive about this? We found out that someone else knew about it before Newton. He was still brilliant, and apparently so were the Indians. There have been many similar threads about discoveries made in the Middle East around 1000 years ago. In them, the OP implies that they negate similar discoveries later made in Europe. This thread seemed to fit that model. Sorry to have barked up the wrong tree.
Answer:
There have been many similar threads about discoveries made in the Middle East around 1000 years ago. In them, the OP implies that they negate similar discoveries later made in Europe. This thread seemed to fit that model. Sorry to have barked up the wrong tree. I just posted the article. I assume everyone would have read it and saw it for what it was. A news article that raises something that will be investigated more fully.
It's of major importance. But only if it is confirmed by mainstream science.
Answer:
oh great, and I was just about to go to bed....
how can i sleep now?!?!?!?
Answer:
Hm, somehow I always hear that Indians created/invented/thought of everything in this world. If Bill Gates came up with Microsoft, then Indians came up with the idea of it 150 years earlier only they did not... well, put it into action that Bill did. BUT.... there is a website that says Indians came up with Microsoft and Bill Gates simply didn't give enough credit.
Answer:
Same deal with Marconi and Tesla.
Answer:
oh great, and I was just about to go to bed....
how can i sleep now?!?!?!? I don't know, but whatever you do that helps -- the Indians invented it first.
Answer:
If Isaac Newton was so famous, why did they name a cookie after his brother, Fig?
Answer:
Indians also claim, that the Egyptian pyramids were designed by Indians, white man originated in India, Taj Mahal was originally a Hindu site and so on...
Though at least this Newton claim is coming from Indian Christians. SO rather then Hindu nationalism, Indian nationalism might be in play. India has had some notable scientists and philosophers, like AryaBhata, But its a habit for them to claim that everything originated in India. Though when faced with facts, most Indian nationalists can not even explain what India was before the British colonial rule united the territories.
LMFAO @ ALL THAT CRAP
Answer:
the title of this post is very misleading. it's hard to explain this, but people in the ancient world, especially in china, used mathematical methods to solve problems that are commonly solved using calculus today, but they weren't the same thing, and are not considered as significant as calculus. but it's hard for me to explain why that is.
Answer:
I thought Archimedes discovered Calculus or a portion of it over 2000 years ago.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes
Answer:
I thought Archimedes discovered Calculus or a portion of it over 2000 years ago.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes yes, many people contributed to calculus. u could say anyone that contributed to math in general contributed to calculus. most of math and science is built from previous discoveries and breakthrews.
Answer:
If Isaac Newton was so famous, why did they name a cookie after his brother, Fig? lol